IV Congreso da CiberSociedade 2009. Crise analóxica, futuro dixital

Grupo de Traballo D-29: Metaverses and 3D environments

Toward a Civilization of Collective Intelligence

Relator/es


Resumo

"Toward a Civilization of Collective Intelligence" identifies the most important changes that have happened in our society. The slides introduce the necessity of a new language that can set a link between the machine process of cyberspace and the human collective intelligence, which is dynamic, in constant change and made in different languages, from different approaches. We need a language that represent the essence of Collective Intelligence as a Virtual World, understanding this term not only as a space where we can interact as avatars but as a global space that is formed by the human actions, their objects and interaction.
To overcome several obstacles to information exchange and human collective intelligence (diverse ontologies reflecting different contexts and area of practice, diverse classifications systems, diverse folksonomies emerging from social tagging, multiple natural languages...), the Information Economy Metalanguage (IEML) can help to solve: 1. the semantic interoperability problem and 2. the problem of self-reference of digital-based collective intelligence. IEML is a putative language, a generative machine for the interface between the human mind and the computer power of cyberspace that is entirely derived from two philosophical dialectics: 1. virtual / actual, 2. sing / being / thing. The IEML semantic space can be used practically as a coordinate system to represent economic, social and cultural phenomena and can be considered theoretically as an abstract place where human collective intelligence is unfolding

Texto da comunicación

Bibliografía/Referencias


References

Bibliography

  • AUROUX, Sylvain, 1994, La Révolution technologique de la grammatisation. Liège: Mardaga
  • ARISTOTLE, On Interpretation. Translated by E. M. Edghill,
  • Available in: http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/interpretation.1.1.html
  • BENKLER, Yochai, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom.
  • BERNERS-LEE, Tim,1999, Weaving the Web, San Francisco: Harper
  • BOTTERO, Jean, 1997, L’Ecriture la raison et les Dieux, Paris: Gallimard
  • BOWKER, Geoffrey, 2005, Memory Practices in the Sciences. MIT Press.
  • CALLON, Michel (dir.) La Science et ses réseaux. Genèse et circulation des faits scientifiques, 1989, Paris: La Découverte.
  • CARRUTHERS, Mary, 2000, The Craft of Thought, Meditation, Rhetoric and the Making of Images, 400, 1200. Cambridge UP
  • CASTELLS,  Manuel,1996, The information Age. Blackwell, Cambridge MA, 97, 98
  • CHANGEUX, Jean-Pierre,1985, Neuronal Man: The Biology of Mind. NY: Pantheon Books.
  • CHOMSKY, Noam; Schützenberger, Marcel P, 1963, “The algebraic theory of context free languages", in BRAFFORT, P.; HIRSCHBERG, D.: Computer Programming and Formal Languages. Amsterdam: North Holland, 118-161. (1963)
  • BERGSON, Henri, 1986 (first edition: 1896), Matière et mémoire,  Paris: Alcan
  • DALKIR, Kimiz, 2005, Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. NY: Elsevier
  • DAVIS, Martin, 2000,(1st ed.) Engines of Logic: Mathematicians and the Origin of the Computer  W. W. NY: Norton & Company
  • DE LIBERA, Alain,1996, La Querelle des universaux, De Platon à la fin du Moyen-Age., Paris: Seuil
  • DICHEV, Christo, 2008, JINSHENG Xu, DARINA Dicheva, JINGHUA Zhang, "A Study on Community Formation in Collaborative Tagging Systems", Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, Sydney, Vol.3 p. 13-16
  • ENGELBART, Douglas,1962, Augmenting Human Intellect, Technical Report. Stanford Research Institute
  • EDELMAN, Gerard,1987, Neural Darwinism. NY: Basic Books
  • EISENSTEIN, Elisabeth,1983 The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge University Press
  • FEIGENBAUM L., et al., "The semantic Web in Action". Scientific American, dec 2007, p. 90-97
  • FELLBAUM, Christiane (ed.), 1998 preface by George Miller, Wordnet, An Electronic Lexical Database, MIT Press
  • GOODY, Jack, 1997, The Domestication of the Savage Mind. Cambridge UP
  • GOODY, Jack, 1987, The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society. Cambridge UP,
  • GRANOVETTER, Mark,1973, "The Strength of Weak Ties." American Journal of Sociology, 78 (May): 1360- 1380.
  • HALPIN, Harry, ROBU Valentin & HANNAH Shepherd, 2007, "The Complex Dynamics of Collaborative Tagging". Proceedings of the16th International WWW Conference, p. 211-220
  • HAVELOCK, E. A., The Muse Learns to Write, Reflections on Orality and Litteracy from Antiquity to the Present. Yale UP, 1988
  • HENDLER, Jim & Allemang Dean, 2008, Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist. Burlington MA: Morgan Kaufmann
  • HUTCHINS, E., 1995, Cognition in the Wild. Cambridge: MIT Press
  • INNIS, Harold, Toronto UP: Empire and Communication
  • JAYNES, Julian, 1976 The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
  • FREGE, Gottlob, ed. Peter GEACH and Max BLACK, 1952, Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Oxford: Blackwell
  • HERLOCKER, J. L. , KONSTAN J. A., TERVEEN L. G. and RIEDL, J. T. , 2004, “Evaluating Collaborative Filtering Recommander systems”. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 22, 1, p. 5-53
  • KAPETANIOS, Epaminondas, 2009, “On the Notion of Collective intelligence: Opportunity or Challenge?”  Journal on Organisational and Collective intelligence (IJOCI) Vol. 1, Number 1, Idea Group Publishing
  • KAPLAN, Robert, 1999, The Nothing That Is, a Natural History of Zero. Oxford UP
  • KHARE, R, 2006, "Microformats: the next (small) thing on the semantic Web?". IEEE Internet Computing,Volume: 10, Issue: 1, Jan.-Feb. p. 68- 75
  • LATOUR, Bruno, 1997, Science in Action. Harvard UP
  • LÉVI-STRAUSS, Claude, 1996, La pensée sauvage. Plon, Paris, 1962 / The Savage Mind. Chicago UP
  • LÉVY, Pierre, 1987, La Machine Univers. Création, cognition et culture informatique. Paris: La Découverte
  • LÉVY, Pierre, 1990, Les Technologies de l’intelligence. L’avenir de la pensée à l’ère informatique. Paris: La Découverte
  • LÉVY, Pierre & AUTHIER Michel, (preface of Michel SERRES),1992, Les Arbres de connaissances, Paris: La Découverte
  • LÉVY, Pierre, 1992 De la programmation considérée comme un des beaux-arts. La Paris: Découverte
  • LÉVY, Pierre, 1994, L’Intelligence collective. Pour une anthropologie du cyberespace. Paris: La Découverte / Collective intelligence: Mankind’s Emerging World in Cyberspace. 1997, Perseus Books, Cambridge,Mass.
  • LÉVY, Pierre,1995, Qu’est-ce que le virtuel? Paris: La Découverte/ Becoming Virtual. Reality in the Digital Age, 1998, New York: Plenum Trade, New York
  • LÉVY, Pierre, 1997 Cyberculture. Paris: Odile Jacob, Paris/ Cyberculture, 2001 University of Minnesota Press,
  • LÉVY, Pierre, 2000 World Philosophie: le marché, le cyberespace, la conscience. Paris: Odile Jacob
  • LÉVY, Pierre, 2002 Cyberdémocratie: Essai de philosophie politique. Paris: Odile Jacob, Paris
  • LÉVY, Pierre, 2007, "Société du savoir et développement humain". In Le Canada et la société des savoirs, sous la direction de Patrick Imbert, CR Université d’Ottawa: Canada, enjeux sociaux et culturels dans une société du savoir, p. 115-175
  • LÉVY, Pierre, 2009, Algebraic Structure of IEML Semantic Space. CI Lab Technical Report, Available in: http://www.ieml.org/spip.php?article152
  • LI, Charlene & BERNOFF JOSH, Groundswell, 2008, Winning in a World Transformed by Social Technologies. Harvard Business Press.
  • LOGAN, Robert K, 2004, The Alphabet Effect. Cresskill NJ: Hampton Press, 2004 (1st edition 1986. NewYork: Wm. Morrow)
  • LOGAN, Robert K, 2007, The Extended Mind: The Emergence of Language, the Human Mind and Culture. U. of Toronto Press
  • MANOVITCH, Lev, 2001, The Language of New Media. MIT Press
  • MARLOW C, NAAMAN, M., BOYD D. and DAVIS M. “HT06, Tagging Paper, Taxonomy, Flickr, Acadamic Article, To Read”. Proceedings of the 17th Conferemce on Hypertext and Hypermedia, 2006, 31-40
  • MCLUHAN, Marshall, 1962, The Gutemberg Galaxy. University of Toronto Press
  • MCLUHAN, Marshall, 1964, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. NY: New American Library
  • MOREY D., MAYBURY, M. & THURAISINGHAM, B. (Ed.), 2000, Knowledge Management, Classic and Contemporary Works. MIT Press. Cambridge Mass
  • NONAKA I. & Takeuchi, H, 1995, The Knowledge-creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. NY: Oxford UP.
  • ONG, Walter, 1982, Orality and Litteracy, The Technologizing of the Word. Methuen, London & NY
  • PANACCIO, Claude,1992, Les Mots, les concepts et les choses, la sémantique de Guillaume d’Occam et le nominalisme d’aujourd’hui. Paris-St Laurent (Qc): Bellarmin-Vrin
  • PASCU, Corina, 2008, An Empirical Analysis of the Creation, Use and Adoption of Social Computing Applications, European Commission, Joint Research Centre and Institute for Prospective Technological Studies
  • PEIRCE Charles, 1998, The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings, Indiana UP, 1998
  • RASTIER, François, 1990, « La triade sémiotique, le trivium et la sémantique linguistique » Nouveaux actes sémiotiques, n# 9, 54 p., Presses Universitaires de Limoges
  • SAUSSURE, Ferdinand, 1916, Cours de linguistique générale. Lausanne-Paris: Payot 
  • SEGARANM, Toby, 2007, Programming Collective intelligence, Building Smart Web 2.0 Applications, O’Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA
  • SHIRKY, Clay, 2009, Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations. Penguin
  • SMITH, Gene, 2007,Tagging: People-powered Metadata for the Social Web. Berkeley: Peachpit New Riders
  • SPIVACK, Nova. Available in: http://novaspivack.typepad.com
  • SUROWIECKI, James, 2004,  The Wisdom of the Crowds, London: Random House,
  • SVENONIUS, Elaine, 2000, The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization. MIT Press
  • TAPSCOTT, Don, 2007,WILLIAMS A. D., WIKINOMICS, How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. Portfolio
  • TOVEY, Mark (Ed.), 2008, Collective intelligence: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace. Oakton, VA: EIN Press
  • TURING, Allan, 1936-7 "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" Proc. London Math. Soc (2) 42 , p. 230 – 265.
  • VON NEUMANN, John, First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. Contract No.W-670-ORD-4926, between the United States Army Ordnance Department and the University of Pennsylvania. Moore School of Electrical Engineering. Partially reproduced in The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers, edited by Brian RANDELL, Springer VERLAG, Berlin-HEIDELBERG, 1973 (p. 375-382)
  • WEINBERGER, David, 2007, Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder. USA: Henri Holt and Cie
  • WELLMAN, Barry, 2001, “Computer Networks as Social Networks”. Science, 293 (14 September), 2031-2034
  • WENGER, Etienne, 1998, Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. Cambridge UP
  • YATES, Frances, 1974, The Art of Memory. University of Chicago Press
  • ZARA, Olivier,2004, Le Management de l’intelligence collective. Paris: M2 Editions

Reconocimiento - NoComercial (CC-by-nc-sa 3.0 o cualquier otra posterior)